Background: Combined oral contraceptives (COC) and depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) are among the most widely used family planning methods; their effect on HIV acquisition is not known.
Objec...
Infectious Disease RiskHIV AcquisitionProspective Cohort Study
Oral contraceptives (OCs) remain among the most effective reversible methods of birth control available today, providing almost 100% effectiveness with an impressively high margin of safety and other ...
No AccessOther Health Study28 Jun 2021Walking the TalkReimagining Primary Health Care After COVID-19Authors/Editors: World BankWorld Bankhttps://doi.org/10.1596/35842SectionsAboutPDF (22.7 MB) ToolsAd...
Participatory MethodsCommunity-Based ResearchParticipatory Research
Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D was measured in 40 healthy, mostly Black, mother-infant pairs. Although a majority of mothers received a daily prenatal multivitamin, vitamin D deficiency (<30 nmol/L), was ...
Chavarro JE et al.2007The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Background: Pharmacologic activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) improves ovulatory function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, and specific dietary fatt...
Annual report (Jahrbuch) of the Deutsches IVF-Register (DIR) for treatment year 2006. DIR is the German national IVF/ICSI registry, founded 1982 — the oldest continuously operating ART registry. Volun...
Andersen AN et al.2007Human reproduction (Oxford, England)
30. Assisted reproductive technology in Europe, 2003. Results generated from European registers by ESHRE. Andersen AN(1), Goossens V, Gianaroli L, Felberbaum R, de Mouzon J, Nygren KG. (1)Central Offi...
Background: Many women using hormonal contraceptives are also at risk of sexually transmitted HIV infection, but data are mixed on whether hormonal contraception increases women's risk of HIV. We inve...
Khattab S et al.2006Gynecological Endocrinology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology
BACKGROUND: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are considered to be at increased risk of miscarriage. Since metformin has beneficial effects on the risk factors contributing to first-trimeste...
For many years, osteoporosis in women was equated with estrogen deficiency. The recent articles by Zaidi and colleagues offer a new challenge to the estrogen-deficiency-osteoporosis hypothesis by show...
FSH and Bone ResorptionFSH PhysiologyEstrogen Deficiency Paradigm
Song GJ et al.2006International journal of andrology
Ascorbic acid has recently been reported to protect sperm DNA from the damage induced by exogenous oxidative stress in vitro. But, there is no report on seminal ascorbic acid and sperm DNA fragmentati...
Anna M Sawka et al.2006Journal of Clinical Densitometry : the Official Journal of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry
Routine bone mineral densitometry (BMD) screening has been recommended for women aged >or=65 yr (Osteoporosis Canada [OC], International Society for Clinical Densitometry [ISCD], Canadian and United S...
Young patients and their parents often are unsure about what represents normal menstrual patterns, and clinicians also may be unsure about normal ranges for menstrual cycle length and amount and durat...
Menstrual Cycle as Vital SignAdolescent Menstrual PatternsMenstrual Assessment
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the reasons women experience delays in the diagnosis of endometriosis and the impact of this. DESIGN: A qualitative interview-based study of 32 women, 28 of whom were subsequ...
Clinically a couple is considered to be infertile after at least one year without contraception and without pregnancy. There was scant knowledge about the prevalences of infertility, involuntary child...
Prevalence Population-Based StudiesCoping and CommunicationTreatment Outcomes Denmark
Preclinical studies have shown that a very low dose of naltreoxone hydrochloride (NTX), an opiate antagonist, can block excitatory opioid receptors without affecting inhibitory opioid receptors, resul...
Hauser R et al.2006Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)
BACKGROUND: Phthalates are multifunctional chemicals used in a variety of consumer, medical, and personal care products. Previously, we reported dose-response associations of decreased semen quality w...
Prior et al.2006Journal of reproductive and infant psychology
Ordinary women and official statements confuse and conflate perimenopause—the long, complex, life phase of higher and chaotic estrogen levels—with the low and stable estrogen levels of menopause. This...
Hormonal CharacterizationEstrogen in PerimenopauseWomen's Health Paradigms
Mikolajczyk RT et al.2006Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology
Approaches to measuring fecundity include the assessment of time to pregnancy and day-specific probabilities of conception (daily fecundities) indexed to a day of ovulation. In this paper, we develop ...
Fecundity MeasurementDay-Specific Conception ProbabilitiesFertility Cycle Data Analysis
Lynch CD et al.2006Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology
Conception, as defined by the fertilisation of an ovum by a sperm, marks the beginning of human development. Currently, a biomarker of conception is not available; as conception occurs shortly after o...
Day-Specific Conception ProbabilitiesBiomarkers and Proxy MeasuresPericonceptional Window Assessment
OBJECTIVE: To perform a meta-analysis of case-control studies that addressed whether prior oral contraceptive (OC) use is associated with premenopausal breast cancer.
METHODS: We searched the MEDLINE...
Breast Cancer RiskPremenopausal Breast CancerOral Contraceptive Safety
Fertility awareness-based methods of family planning help women to identify the days of the cycle they should avoid unprotected intercourse to prevent pregnancy. Therefore using fertility awareness-ba...
Standard Days and TwoDay MethodCoital Frequency and TimingBehavioral Outcomes FAB Methods
Houghton LA et al.2006The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Supplemental vitamin D is available in 2 distinct forms: ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3). Pharmacopoeias have officially regarded these 2 forms as equivalent and interchan...
Supplementation FormsErgocalciferol vs CholecalciferolNarrative Review
Haile RW et al.2006Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : a Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology
Background: Understanding the effect of oral contraceptives on risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers is important because oral contraceptive use is a common, modifiable practice.
...
Halfvarson J et al.2006Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Background: Genetics and environmental factors are implicated in the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We studied environmental factors in a population-based Swedish-Danish twin cohort usi...
Gastrointestinal EffectsEnvironmental Risk FactorsCo-Twin Control Study
Audu BM et al.2006Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology : the Journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Sub-Saharan Africa has one of the highest fertility rates in the world, which is further promoted by the low utilisation of modern contraceptive methods. Yet, many communities claim to have traditiona...
Knowledge Attitude PracticeRhythm MethodDeveloping Countries
Methods: We performed a cross-sectional survey of 357 reproductive-aged women, mostly Hispanic (81.8%), presenting for ambulatory and hospital reproductive care in Phoenix, AZ, about their interest in...
Fischer TW et al.2006International journal of oncology
Melatonin has been shown to have oncostatic effects on malignant melanoma in vitro and in vivo. We studied the growth suppressive effects of melatonin over a wide range of concentrations in four melan...
García-Santos G et al.2006Journal of pineal research
Low concentrations (nanomolar) of melatonin had been previously shown to inhibit cell proliferation in several cancer cell lines as well as in experimental animal models. Additionally, cell growth inh...
OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the effects of naltrexone on hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenemia in hyperandrogenemic, hyperinsulinemic women. DESIGN: Controlled clinical study. SETTING: Department of Gyn...
Sallmén M et al.2006Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)
BACKGROUND: Overweight and obese men have been reported to have lower sperm counts and hormonal changes, but data are lacking regarding effects on couple fertility.
METHODS: We examined the relations...
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the use of 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate for the prevention of recurrent preterm deliveries is cost-effective. METHODS: Using decision-analysis modeling, we compa...
Ma H et al.2006
Open Access
Breast Cancer Research : BCR
Introduction: It has been suggested that hormonal risk factors act predominantly on estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor (ER/PR)-positive breast cancers. However, the data have been inconsisten...
Wartofsky L et al.2006Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey
Thyroid disease in general, and hypothyroidism in particular, are very common in women. In the USA, the most common cause of primary thyroid deficiency is on an autoimmune basis due to lymphocytic (Ha...
Sinai I et al.2006International Family Planning Perspectives
Context: Fertility awareness-based methods of family planning help women identify the days of the menstrual cycle when they are most likely to become pregnant. To prevent pregnancy, women avoid unprot...
Standard Days MethodTwoDay MethodCorrect Use Predictors
Stanford JB2006The New England Journal of Medicine
To the Editor: In the discussion of biologic differences between male and female fertility (April 6 issue),1 Federman states that women are fertile for only 12 hours each month. Although the egg is vi...
Introduction: The use of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors has been demonstrated to not only impair load-induced bone formation but also prevent menopause-associated bone loss. We hypothesized that ...
Vigil P et al.2006Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology
The concept of the ovarian cycle as a continuum considers that all types of ovarian activity encountered during the reproductive life are responses to different environmental conditions in order to en...
Fehring RJ et al.2006Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing : JOGNN
Objective: To determine variability in the phases of the menstrual cycle among healthy, regularly cycling women.
Design: A prospective descriptive study of a new data set with biological markers to es...
Phase Length DistributionOvulation Day EstimationElectronic Fertility Monitors
Amenorrhea is a diagnostic criterion for anorexia nervosa (AN), although menstrual cycles have been found to persist in some women with all the other features of AN. This study sought to determine fac...
Negro R et al.2006The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
CONTEXT: Euthyroid women with autoimmune thyroid disease show impairment of thyroid function during gestation and seem to suffer from a higher rate of obstetrical complications.
OBJECTIVE: We sought ...
Colombo B et al.2006Statistical Methods in Medical Research
With the collaboration of Italian centres providing services on natural family planning, a prospective study collected data on 2755 menstrual cycles of 193 women. A database was constructed using info...
Mallardi V2006Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica : Organo Ufficiale Della Societa Italiana Di Otorinolaringologia E Chirurgia Cervico-facciale
The principle of informed consent, aimed at the lawfulness of health assistance, tends to reflect the concept of autonomy and of decisional autodetermination of the person requiring and requesting med...
Spermon JR et al.2006Human Reproduction (Oxford, England)
Background: While (partial) recovery of spermatogenesis, observed by means of standard semen analysis, has been seen in testicular cancer patients after chemotherapy with cisplatin, sperm genomic inte...
DNA IntegrityChemotherapy Effects on FertilityChromatin Analysis
Effective tubal transport of ova, sperm and embryos is a prerequisite for successful spontaneous pregnancy. Although there is much yet to be discovered about the mechanisms involved, it is evident tha...