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Oligomenorrhea and polycystic ovaries in women are one of the most important causes of the high incidence of ovulation failure. This is linked, perhaps, to insulin resistance and related metabolic fea...

Background: Combined oral contraceptives are classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a cause of cervical cancer. As the incidence of cervical cancer increases with age, the pu...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relation of a dietary pattern and other lifestyle practices to risk of ovulatory disorder infertility. METHODS: We followed a cohort of 17,544 women without a history of in...

Background: Deviation from normal weight is associated with health risks, but less is known about the association between weight and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). We investigated this in the...

Much biomedical research is observational. The reporting of such research is often inadequate, which hampers the assessment of its strengths and weaknesses and of a study's generalisability. The Stren...

Purpose: Combination therapy with the female hormones estrogen (E) and progestins are very frequently used with approximately 100 million women worldwide taking oral contraceptives (OC). Recent trials...

We examined osteoporosis diagnosis/treatment in 2,187 community dwelling men age 50+. After five years in the study, 90% of men with fragility fractures remained undiagnosed and untreated for osteopor...

Tubal disease is the cause of subfertility in approximately 30% of women, and 10-25% of these are due to proximal tubal obstruction. False-positive diagnosis of proximal tubal obstruction can be as hi...

Background: This study examines contraceptive discontinuation due to method dissatisfaction among women in the United States. Study Design: The study population, drawn from the 2002 National Survey o...

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is non-uniformly associated with insulin resistance (IR). We examined IR in women with PCOS. Methods: Sixty-nine PCOS women were subjected to the insulin ...

Recent oral contraceptive (OC) use is associated with modestly higher breast cancer incidence among younger women, but its impact on survival is unclear. This study examined the relationship between O...

A 44-year-old female, 1 year status-post ObTape transobturator mid-urethral sling, was evaluated by orthopaedic oncology and urology for persistent thigh pain and a left thigh mass. Multiple muscle bi...

The cause of interstitial cystitis, a chronic disease that affects the bladder, is unknown. Autoantibodies, such as those against nuclear and bladder epithelium antigens, have been found in patients w...

Women with ovulatory menstrual cycles have a circadian rhythm superimposed on the menstrual-associated rhythm; in turn, menstrual events affect the circadian rhythm. In this paper, we review circadian...

Background: Studies of the effect of hormonal contraceptive use on the risk of HIV-1 acquisition have generated conflicting results. A recent study from Uganda and Zimbabwe found that women using horm...

Purpose: An earlier randomized controlled trial of prevention care management (PCM) found significant improvement in breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer-screening rates among women attending Commu...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risks of pregnancy complications and adverse outcomes associated with increasing maternal age and higher plurality. DESIGN: Population-based, historic cohort study. SETTIN...

This Canadian study of bone health showed that HIV+ women were more likely to have had fragility fractures (OR 1.7) but had BMD values that were not different than women from a national population-bas...

Associations between oral contraceptive (OC) use and breast cancer have been reported, but few studies have considered associations in racial and ethnic minorities. Data regarding injected or implante...

Objective: Hormone-based contraceptives affect mood in healthy women or in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). No study has yet examined their association with mood in women with major ...

Background: The initiation of the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study in 1996, and subsequent follow-up of the cohort 5 years later, provided longitudinal body mass index (BMI) data for a random s...

OBJECTIVE: To describe menstrual disturbance in eating disorders (ED). METHOD: We describe menstrual history in 1,705 women and compare eating, weight, and psychopathological traits across menstrual ...

Menorrhagia is defined as excessive uterine bleeding occurring at regular intervals or prolonged uterine bleeding lasting more than seven days. The classic definition of menorrhagia (i.e., greater tha...

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of endometriosis is estimated to be around 10%. Diagnosis is through visualisation of the lesions, mostly via laparoscopy. Studies reveal that there is an average delay in t...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of vaginal lubricants Pre-Seed, FemGlide, Astroglide, and Replens on human sperm motility and chromatin integrity. DESIGN: Prospective, comparative, in vitro study. ...

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women in western countries. A number of risk factors are now known, but the etiology of the disease is not fully understood. The aim of this st...

Background: We postulated that impaired endometrial differentiation in women with pelvic endometriosis predisposes for pre-eclampsia. Methods: A retrospective case-control study set at the University...

The period in each menstrual cycle during which sexual intercourse can result in conception is called the "fertile window". Although the fertile window closes on the day of ovulation, little is known ...

Objectives: The study was conducted to compare risks of adverse cardiovascular and other events associated with the use of drospirenone (DRSP)-containing oral contraceptives (OCs) and other OCs. METHO...

Oestrogen therapy is the gold standard treatment for hot flushes/night sweats, but it and oestrogen/progestin are not suitable for all women. MPA (medroxyprogesterone acetate) reduces hot flushes, but...

Objective: To investigate whether the incidence of HIV infection is higher among sexually active women using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) or noresthisterone enanthate (NET-EN) injections f...

The inability to conceive children is experienced as a stressful situation by individuals and couples all around the world. The consequences of infertility are manifold and can include societal reperc...

Objective: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) occurs predominantly in women, and hormones may play a role in its etiology. This study was carried out to examine associations between female reproductiv...

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between risk factors and breast cancer in Turkish women. In a hospital-based case-control study in Istanbul, 405 patients with histologically c...

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of an electronic hormonal fertility monitor plus cervical mucus monitoring to avoid pregnancy. Design: A 12-month prospective clinical efficacy trial. SETTING...

Combined estrogen-progestin menopausal therapy (HRT) and combined estrogen-progestin contraceptives (OC) both increase breast cancer risk during current use and a few years after. We investigated risk...

Objective: To compare clomiphene citrate plus N-acetyl cysteine versus clomiphene citrate for inducing ovulation in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Design: Prospective cross-over trial. Setti...

Prior, Jerilynn C. MD, FRCPC1; Klauss, Vanadin Seifert MD2; Kalyan, Shirin PhD1; Pride, Sheila MD, FRSCPC3

BACKGROUND: There is considerable worldwide confusion in the use of terminologies and definitions around the symptom of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), and these are leading increasingly to difficult...

OBJECTIVE: To model the effectiveness that can be obtained if levonorgestrel-only emergency contraception (EC) acts only through disrupting ovulation, in relation to other effects that may occur befor...

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of fertility awareness based (FAB) methods of family planning is critically reviewed. The objective was to investigate the efficacy and the acceptability of the symptothermal ...

A group of patients has been identified with cutaneous necrotizing venulitis (vasculitis). These patients, some with concomitant connective tissue disorders, have skin lesions that separate them from ...

Time to pregnancy, typically defined as the number of menstrual cycles required to achieve a clinical pregnancy, is widely used as a measure of couple fecundity in epidemiologic studies. Time to pregn...

The impact of clinical risk factor-based absolute risk methods on the prevalence of high risk for osteoporotic fracture is unknown. We applied absolute risk methods to 6646 subjects and found that the...

BACKGROUND: Although widely used, the mechanisms of action of the levonorgestrel emergency contraceptive pill (LNG ECP) are still unclear. There are increasing data to indicate that LNG is particularl...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy and safety of the herbal formula Phyto-Female Complex (SupHerb, Netanya, Israel; ingredients: standardized extracts of black cohosh, dong quai, milk thistle, red c...

Background: Depression and osteoporotic fractures are common ailments among elderly persons. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are frequently used in the treatment of depression in this ...

Objective: To estimate breast cancer risk associated with short-term (<6 months) oral contraceptive use, and explore variation in estimates by use characteristics and medical, menstrual, and reproduct...