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Retrograde menstruation in healthy women and in patients with endometriosis

Halme J et al., 1984

Obstetrics and gynecology, 64(2), 151-154

PMID 6234483 Source

Abstract

Blood was found in the peritoneal fluid in 90% of women with patent tubes at laparoscopy during perimenstrual time. If the fallopian tubes were occluded, then only 15% of patients had evidence of blood in the pelvis. Also, 90% of patients with endometriosis and eight of nine women on oral contraceptives had bloody fluid during the menstrual period. The present observations indicate that retrograde menstruation through the fallopian tubes into the peritoneal cavity is a very common physiologic event in all menstruating women with patent tubes.

Topics

Endometriosis > Pathophysiology > MechanismsMenstrual Cycle > Physiology > MenstruationEndometriosis > Diagnosis > Laparoscopy
retrograde menstruation normal physiology, tubal patency peritoneal fluid, endometriosis pathogenesis retrograde flow, menstrual blood peritoneal cavity, fallopian tube function menstruation, sampson theory endometriosis, peritoneal fluid laparoscopy menstrual, patent tubes retrograde bleeding, endometriosis implantation theory, menstrual physiology endometriosis development

Cite this article

Halme, J., Hammond, M. G., Hulka, J. F., Raj, S. G., & Talbert, L. M. (1984). Retrograde menstruation in healthy women and in patients with endometriosis. *Obstetrics and gynecology*, *64*(2), 151-154.

Keywords

Ascitic Fluid, Contraceptives, Oral, Endometriosis, Fallopian Tube Patency Tests, Female, Hematocrit, Humans, Infertility, Laparoscopy, Menstruation Disturbances, Sterilization, Tubal, Time Factors

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