PMID 4117376 4117376 DOI 10.1016/s0140-6736(72)92337-9 10.1016/s0140-6736(72)92337-9
Cite this article
D H Streeten, C B Kerr, L P Kerr, J C Prior, & T G Dalakos (1972). Hyperbradykininism: a new orthostatic syndrome. Lancet (London, England), 2(7786), 1048-1053. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(72)92337-9
D H Streeten, C B Kerr, L P Kerr, J C Prior, T G Dalakos. Hyperbradykininism: a new orthostatic syndrome. Lancet. 1972;2(7786):1048-1053. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(72)92337-9
D H Streeten, et al. "Hyperbradykininism: a new orthostatic syndrome." Lancet (London, England), vol. 2, no. 7786, 1972, pp. 1048-1053.
Related articles
Contraception/ComparisonCervical Cancer RiskHPV and Cervical CancerCase-Control Study
Use of oral contraceptives could increase risk of cervical cancer; however the effect of human papillomavirus (HPV), the main cause of cervical cancer, is not usually taken into account. We aimed to assess how use of oral contraceptives affected risk of cervical cancer in women who tested positive for HPV DNA. We pooled data from eight case-control studies of patients with histologically confirmed invasive cervical carcinoma (ICC) and from two studies of patients with carcinoma in situ (ISC). Information about use of oral contraceptives was obtained from personal interviews. Effects were estimated as odds ratios, with logistic-regression models adjusted for possible confounders. 1465 of 1561 (94%) patients with ICC, 211 of 292 (72%) with ISC, and 255 of 1916 (13%) controls were positive for HPV DNA. Compared with never-users, patients who had used oral contraceptives for fewer than 5 years did not have increased risk of cervical cancer (odds ratio 0.73; 95% CI 0.52-1.03). The odds ratio for use of oral contraceptives was 2.82 (95% CI 1.46-5.42) for 5-9 years, and 4.03 (2.09-8.02) for use for 10 years or longer, and these risks did not vary by time since first or last use. Long-term use of oral contraceptives could be a cofactor that increases risk of cervical carcinoma by up to four-fold in women who are positive for cervical HPV DNA. In the absence of worldwide information about HPV status, extra effort should be made to include long-term users of oral contraceptives in cervical screening programmes.
Epidemiological studies indicate a protective effect of postmenopausal oestrogen therapy on the risk of osteoporotic fractures. Whether premenopausal oestrogen exposure in the form of oral contraceptives also reduces the risk of osteoporotic fractures remains uncertain. We did a population-based case control study of hip fracture among Swedish postmenopausal women, 50-81 years of age, through mailed questionnaires and telephone interviews. Of those women who were eligible, 1327 (82.5%) cases and 3312 (81.6%) randomly selected controls responded. 130 (11.6%) cases and 562 (19.1%) controls reported ever-use of oral contraceptives. Ever-use of oral contraceptives was associated with a 25% reduction in hip fracture risk (odds ratio 0.75 [95% CI 0.59-0.96]). Women who had ever used a high-dose pill (equivalent to > or = 50 microg ethinylestradiol per tablet) had a 44% lower risk for hip fracture than never-users (0.56 [0.42-0.75]). No overall trend was observed with duration of oral-contraceptive use, or time since last use. However, when making comparisons with women who have never used oral contraceptives, the odds ratios for hip-fracture were 0.69 (0.51-0.94) for use after age 40, 0.82 (0.57-1.16) for use at ages 30-39, and 1.26 (0.76-2.09) for use before age 30. Our results imply that in postmenopausal women, oral-contraceptive use late in reproductive life may reduce the risk of hip fracture, although we recognise the limitations of the case-control method.