Dietary carbohydrate restriction improves metabolic syndrome independent of weight loss
Parker N Hyde, Christopher D Crabtree, Richard A LaFountain
Alex Buga, Fionn T McSwiney, Ryan Dickerson, Vincent Miller, Orlando P Simonetti, Stephen D Phinney, William J Kraemer, Ronald M Krauss, Jeff S Volek, Madison L Bowling , Brandon Fell, Sarah A King , Teryn N Sapper , Debbie Scandling
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is highly correlated with obesity and cardiovascular risk, but the importance of dietary carbohydrate independent of weight loss in MetS treatment remains controversial. Here, we test the theory that dietary carbohydrate intolerance (i.e., the inability to process carbohydrate in a healthy manner) rather than obesity per se is a fundamental feature of MetS.
Methods
Individuals who were obese with a diagnosis of MetS were fed three 4-week weight-maintenance diets that were low, moderate, and high in carbohydrate. Protein was constant and fat was exchanged isocalorically for carbohydrate across all diets.
Results
Despite maintaining body mass, low-carbohydrate (LC) intake enhanced fat oxidation and was more effective in reversing MetS, especially high triglycerides, low HDL-C, and the small LDL subclass phenotype. Carbohydrate restriction also improved abnormal fatty acid composition, an emerging MetS feature. Despite containing 2.5 times more saturated fat than the high-carbohydrate diet, an LC diet decreased plasma total saturated fat and palmitoleate and increased arachidonate.
Conclusion
Consistent with the perspective that MetS is a pathologic state that manifests as dietary carbohydrate intolerance, these results show that compared with eucaloric high-carbohydrate intake, LC/high-fat diets benefit MetS independent of whole-body or fat mass.
Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02918422.
Funding
Dairy Management Inc. and the Dutch Dairy Association.
PMID 31217353 31217353 DOI 10.1172/jci.insight.128308 10.1172/jci.insight.128308
Cite this article
Hyde, P., Sapper, T. N., Crabtree, C., LaFountain, R., Bowling, M. L., Buga, A., Fell, B., McSwiney, F., Dickerson, R., Miller, V., Scandling, D., Simonetti, O., phinney, S., Kraemer, W., King, S. A., Krauss, R., & Volek, J. (2019). Dietary carbohydrate restriction improves metabolic syndrome independent of weight loss. JCI insight, 4(12), 128308. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.128308
Hyde P, Sapper TN, Crabtree C, LaFountain R, Bowling ML, Buga A, et al. Dietary carbohydrate restriction improves metabolic syndrome independent of weight loss. JCI Insight. 2019;4(12):128308. doi:10.1172/jci.insight.128308
Hyde, Parker, et al. "Dietary carbohydrate restriction improves metabolic syndrome independent of weight loss." JCI insight, vol. 4, no. 12, 2019, pp. 128308.
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Contraception/ComparisonReproductive Endocrinology
Open Access
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Contraception/ComparisonReproductive Endocrinology
Open Access
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