American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 166(3), 896-900
There are no absolute objective diagnostic criteria for cervical incompetence. Abdominal and endovaginal ultrasonographic assessment of endocervical length, both of which have been associated with technical problems, have been used to establish the diagnosis. Cervical cerclage may be useful in preventing silent cervical dilatation; however, no prospective trials with and without cerclage have been performed when endocervical shortening has been demonstrated by ultrasonography.
Joffe, G. M., Del Valle, G. O., Izquierdo, L. A., Gilson, G. J., Smith, J. F., Chatterjee, M. S., & Curet, L. B. (1992). Diagnosis of cervical change in pregnancy by means of transvaginal ultrasonography. *American journal of obstetrics and gynecology*, *166*(3), 896-900. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(92)91358-h
Joffe GM, Del Valle GO, Izquierdo LA, Gilson GJ, Smith JF, Chatterjee MS, et al. Diagnosis of cervical change in pregnancy by means of transvaginal ultrasonography. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1992;166(3):896-900. doi:10.1016/0002-9378(92)91358-h
Joffe, Gary M., et al. "Diagnosis of cervical change in pregnancy by means of transvaginal ultrasonography." *American journal of obstetrics and gynecology*, vol. 166, no. 3, 1992, pp. 896-900.
Cervix Uteri/physiology, Female, Humans, Pregnancy/physiology, Pregnancy Trimester, Third, Ultrasonography, Prenatal/methods, Uterine Cervical Incompetence/diagnostic Imaging/therapy, Vagina